Introduction:

Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous disease characterized by the clonal expansion of undifferentiated precursors that causes bone marrow failure.

Objective:

To analyze the survival of adult patients with non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia treated with high doses of induced anthracyclines at induction.

Methods:

An analytical, retrospective and longitudinal study was carried out with 53 adult patients younger than 60 years, treated at the Institute of Hematology and Immunology, from September 2013 to December 2018. These patients had a diagnosis of non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia and received high doses of anthracyclines (daunoribicin) under induction therapy.

Results:

The probabilities of overall survival at 12 months were higher for the group of 19- 29 years, accounting for 59%, and lower for the group of 40-49 years, accounting for 21%. In the age group of 19-29 years, the probability of event-free survival was 65% and the probability of disease-free survival was 44%. In the group of 40-49 years, it decreased to 27%; while in the group of 50-59 it increased, reaching 80%. Regarding overall survival associated with the rearranged genes, it was higher for the patients who had the NPM1 and AML1-ETO genes and lower for those who had the FLT3 and BCR/ABL genes.

Conclusions:

Age groups and genetic alterations do not modify the survival of patients with non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemias treated with high doses of anthracyclines.

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