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Epizootiología de la tricoestrongilosis gastrointestinal en ovinos sometidos a tratamientos antiparasitarios selectivos en Cuba


 
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Pastos y Forrajes

 ISSN 0864-0394

ARECE, J et al. Epizootiología de la tricoestrongilosis gastrointestinal en ovinos sometidos a tratamientos antiparasitarios selectivos en Cuba. []. , 37, 4, pp. 442-448. ISSN 0864-0394.

^les^aDurante dos años se evaluó la epizootiología de la tricostrongilosis gastrointestinal en un rebaño de 72 ovejas Pelibuey, con edad promedio de cuatro años, sometidas a un esquema de tratamientos selectivos sobre la base de un estudio epizootiológico previo y el empleo de la carta FAMACHA©. Las ovejas se desparasitaron en tres momentos: al parto, a la mitad del periodo poco lluvioso y al destete; el resto del año se aplicó la estrategia de tratamientos selectivos mediante la coloración de la mucosa ocular. Se determinó el conteo fecal de huevos (CFH), la coloración de la mucosa ocular, el hematocrito y la condición corporal, a través de muestreos; así como el efecto de la época del año y del estado reproductivo en la carga parasitaria, mediante un análisis de varianza. Hubo un predominio de Haemonchus spp., con tendencia estacional en el CFH, que fue mayor durante el periodo poco lluvioso. El 59,1 % de los animales mostraron infestación baja (menos de 300 hpg) y solo el 6,6 % presentó infestación alta (más de 4 000 hpg), lo cual propició una tasa de 3,55 tratamientos por reproductora al año. Los valores de hematocrito promedio estuvieron por encima de 25 % en las dos épocas. Adicionalmente, el 98,8 % de los animales presentaron coloración de la mucosa ocular entre A y C de la carta de colores FAMACHA©, y las reproductoras vacías^len^aThe epizootiology of gastrointestinal trichostrongylosis was evaluated for two years in a flock of 72 Pelibuey ewes, with average age of four years, subject to a selective treatment scheme based on a previous epizootiological study and the use of the FAMACHA© chart. The ewes were dewormed at three moments: at lambing, amid the dry season and at weaning; during the rest of the year the strategy of selective treatments through the color of the ocular mucosa was applied. The fecal egg count (FEC), color of the ocular mucosa, hematocrit and body condition were determined through sampling; as well as the effect of season and reproductive status on the parasite rate, by means of a variance analysis. There was predominance of Haemonchus spp., with seasonal trend in the FEC, which was higher during the dry season. From the animals, 59,1 % showed low infestation (less than 300 epg) and only 6,6 % showed high infestation (more than 4 000 epg), which propitiated a rate of 3,55 treatments per ewe per year. The average hematocrit values were over 25 % in both seasons. Additionally, 98,8 % of the animals showed color of the ocular mucosa between A and C of the FAMACHA© color chart, and the empty ewes were the ones with the highest parasite rate. With the proposed strategy it was achieved that the lambs and the lambed ewes were less infested; however, the non-pregnant ewes showed the highest parasite rates

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