Introduction:

iron deficiency and consequent anemia constitute a universal health problem due to its implications on individuals. It occurs at all ages, but its prevalence is higher in young children and women of childbearing age.

Objective:

to describe the incidence of iron deficiency anemia in pediatric ages and its risk factors.

Methods:

a search for information was carried out in the databases PubMed, Medline, SciELO and Google Scholar, where 48 scientific articles on the subject were obtained, and 29 were selected for the development of the present study.

Development:

anemia in children is one of the clinical situations that cause most attention and concern, both in national and international organizations as well as in health professionals, to the extent that it frequently affects one of the most vulnerable groups in society and that if it is not treated from the early years it can cause consequences with lifelong impact, so its diagnosis, identification and action on its risk factors during childhood is essential due to its potential repercussions in later ages.

Conclusion:

the presence of anemia in children can be linked to maternal risk factors as well as to the infant's own risk factors that should be addressed from the child care consultation and throughout the pediatric age with health promotion and prevention activities.

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