Resumen

CLAVIJO RODRIGUEZ, Tania. Prevention of the extracranial carotid disease at the primary health care. Rev Cubana Angiol Cir Vasc. [online]. 2014, vol.15, n.2, pp. 89-108. ISSN 1682-0037.

Introduction: the atheromatosis of the extracranial carotid artery is a frequent cause of cerebral infarction and the possibility of preventing it makes the implementation or the strengthening of preventive programs a must. Objective: to update on the most relevant aspects of the carotid disease associated to the risk factors and their prevention in the primary health care. Methods: the epidemiologic and physiopathologic aspects for the carotid disease prevention were reviewed according to the different levels of care, the medical treatments and the disease prognoses. Data came from an extensive analysis of the scientific evidence published in the last five years ( 2009-2013 ) in MedLine, academic Google, Cumed, SciELO Cuba, using keywords carotid disease, extracranial cerebrovascular disease, primary health care, prevention, stenosis, diagnosis, treatment. Information synthesis: the collected data agreed that artheriosclerosis is the consequence of the prolonged exposition of individuals to a series of well identified risk factors, and that the carotid disease is an early sign of the subclinical atherosclerosis generally associated to tobacco consumption, high blood pressure and hypercholesteremia, in addition to diabetes, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and excessive consumption of alcohol. Conclusions: the early diagnosis of the carotid disease allows improving prognosis. The health promotion actions and the medical treatment seem to be the therapeutic choices for the prevention of cerebrovascular diseases.

Palabras clave : carotid disease; extracranial cerebrovascular disease; primary health care; prevention; stenosis; diagnosis; treatment.

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