Resumen

RODRIGUEZ GARCIA, Raydel Manuel; PEREZ SARMIENTO, Raúl; ROURA CARRASCO, Juan Orlando  y  BASULTO BARROSO, Manuel. Pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation in an intensive care polyvalent unit. Rev.Med.Electrón. [online]. 2015, vol.37, n.5, pp. 439-451. ISSN 1684-1824.

Background: One of the kinds of nosocomial pneumonia is pneumonia associated to artificial mechanical ventilation (VAM). Its incidence has been maintained in the last years in spite of the new therapeutic measures applied. The mortality gross rates still range from 30 to 70 %. Aim: describing clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit of the Teaching Provincial Clinico-Surgical Hospital “Manuel Ascunce Domenech”, from February 2012 to February 2014. Materials and Methods: We carried out a descriptive study, in a universe of 82 patients, according to established diagnosis criteria and score of pulmonary infection clinical scale higher than six points. 4 patients were excluded due to no receiving microbiologic results. We studied some variables as age, associated diseases, ICU admission diagnoses, risk factors, APACHE II, ICU stay, time of ventilation, time of weaning, initiation of ventilator associated pneumonia, expected mortality, mortality observed and crop seeds isolated on tracheobronchial secretions. We fallowed the ethical principles of Helsinki´s Declaration. The raw continuous data presented as mean, range and standard deviation, and tested for T test. Categorical variables expressed by relative frequencies. We used a level of statistical significance less than 0.05 alpha level. Outcomes: 70,7 % showed arterial hypertension, 43,9 % diabetes mellitus and 34,1 % ischemic cardiopathy. In relation with diagnosis at admission, cerebral infarct predominated, with 19,5 %, followed by major surgery post-operative, with 17,1 %, and intraparenchymatous hemorrhage, with 15,9 %. Conclusions: Patients were given a high index of severity according to APACHE II and expected mortality, requiring a long staying and exposition to mechanical ventilation. The germs aisled in the aspired trachea bronchial cultures were mainly gram negative bacteria of the Pseudomona aerouginosa, Acinetobacter y Enterobacter kind. Staying in the intensive care unit, ventilation extent and observed mortality were bigger in patients with pneumonia associated to ventilation in the total on ventilated patients.

Palabras clave : pneumonia associated to mechanical ventilation; nosocomial pneumonia; intensive care.

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