Resumen

RODRIGUEZ DOMINGUEZ, Lourdes et al. Cardiovascular risk factor and their relationship with the hypertension in adolescents. Rev cubana med [online]. 2014, vol.53, n.1, pp. 25-36. ISSN 0034-7523.

Introduction: everyday atherosclerosis crises manifest in younger people and it is demonstrated the importance of knowing the main factors that cause it, including obesity. In Cuban children and adolescents, overweight and obesity have dramatically increased. Objective: to identify cardiovascular risk factors in supposedly healthy adolescents. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in supposedly healthy adolescents from 12 to 15 years from a secondary basic school. The objective was identifying cardiovascular risk factor and their relationship with hypertension. The sample was constituted by 687 students. Data were registered in the primary data collection form of Havana Research and Reference Centre on Atherosclerosis. Measurements of weight, height and waist circumference were performed. Nutritional status by percentiles of body mass index and waist circumference were also evaluated. The blood pressure levels were classified according to the percentiles of blood pressure adjusted for age, sex, and height. Results: 46 adolescents (6.6 %) were found to be smokers, the relationship was statistically significant in relation to gender, 96 (13.9 %) were overweight and 64 (9.3 %) were obese; circumference waist showed that 98 (14.2 %) had possible risks, and 56 (8.1 %) were frankly atypical, 4% adolescents had high blood pressure. Male adolescents predominated in all parameters. Family history of obesity occurred in 73 (10.6 %) and the relationship was statistically significant in males. Conclusions: predominance of smoking, hypertension, overweight, obesity and family history of obesity prevailed in male adolescents males; whereas family history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus prevailed in female adolescents.

Palabras clave : adolescents; smoking habit; obesity; hypertension; body mass index; waist circumference; family antecedents.

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