Introduction:

The obesity pandemic needs new approaches and a consensus in the treatment of conditions that lead to morbidity, biomarkers, defined as indicators of biological processes in health and disease.

Objective:

To examine the obesity biomarkers in adults and the potential in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

Methods:

A bibliographic review study was carried out, the articles consulted were identified by searching the PubMed database with the terms obesity, central obesity, body mass index, biomarkers, genomics, epigenomics, metabolomics and microbiomics. The bibliography lists of the analyzed publications were also reviewed to identify additional articles. The search found 37 articles published from January 1, 2015 to March 31, 2022, which compared biomarkers associated with obesity BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (in the Western population) or 28 kg/m2 (in the oriental population), which provided risk estimates for this condition, as well as risk estimates with a 95% CI for associations of a risk factor evidenced in diagnostic tests.

Results:

The predisposition for obesity varies according to geography, social conditions, political and economic factors, and human genetics.

Conclusions:

Biomarkers have valuable diagnostic and prognostic power, they can envision a new frontier treating not only related behaviors and lifestyles, but also being able to describe the effects of interventions for the prevention and treatment of obesity.

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