Resumen

VALDES YONG, Magel  y  HERNANDEZ NUNEZ, Jónathan. Risk factors for preeclampsia. Rev Cub Med Mil [online]. 2014, vol.43, n.3, pp. 307-316. ISSN 1561-3046.

Introduction: preeclampsia brings multiple complications that increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality rates. Objective: to identify risk factors for preeclampsia in pregnant women. Methods: a case-control study was conducted in "Dr Luis Diaz Soto" military hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. The sample was made up of 128 patients divided into two groups, that is, 64 preeclampsia cases in the study group and 64 healthy women randomly selected for the control group. Data were collected by survey and clinical history review in order to analyze maternal age, nutritional status, global weight gain, pregnancy-related disorders, obstetrics history, parity, and family histories. For the statistical analysis, the statistic, the mean, the standard deviation, the percentages, Student's t test, independent Chi square test and the odds ratio were all used. Results: significant risk factors for preeclampsia were maternal age of 35 years old or more (OR= 4.27), maternal overweight at the beginning of gestation (OR= 2.61), nulliparity (OR= 3.35) and family history of mother (OR= 7.35) or sister with preeclampsia (OR= 5.59). Gestational disorders, global weight gain and unfavorable obstetrical history were not significant risk factors. Conclusions: most of the risk factors for preeclampsia were not modifiable, so a very good prenatal care is required to assure the early diagnosis and timely management of this problem.

Palabras clave : preeclampsia-eclampsia; risk factors; maternal mortality.

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