Introduction:

Flow cytometry is an advanced, objective, highly sensitive technique for the simultaneous analysis and quantification of multiple cellular parameters. This technique is very common in the study of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, a condition defined as a malignant proliferative disorder of mature, incompetent lymphocytes.

Objective:

Describe the diagnostic strategy for flow cytometry immunophenotyping of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

Methods:

Flow cytometry testing was performed of a bone marrow sample taken from a patient with clinical and morphological suspicion of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cell immunophenotyping was based on monoclonal antibodies targeted against lymphoid differentiation antigens B and T. The sample was read in a GALLIOS Beckman Coulter cytometer, and the data obtained were analyzed with the software Kaluza.

Results:

Antigens with a positive expression were CD19 (99.94%), CD20 (81.56%), CD5 (80.25%), as well as the co-expression of CD5+/CD19+ (96.56%), CD5+/CD20+ (80.56%), CD19+/CD20+ (84.86%), CD23 (62.65%), CD49d (65.18%), CD38 (52.17%). Monoclonality of the k light chain was present in 44.27%. Expression of antigens CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD25 was found to be negative.

Conclusions:

The diagnostic strategy proposed made it possible to identify the antigens most frequently expressed in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia, as well as their co-expression and the monoclonality of the k chain, all of which are cell markers allowing flow cytometry-based immunophenotypical diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

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