Introduction:

Venous thromboembolic disease is a frequent complication in hematologic malignancies with incidence similar to that observed in solid tumors with high thrombotic risk.

Objective:

To describe the influence of risk factors and biomarkers of venous thromboembolic disease associated with hematologic malignancies and their application in the design of risk assessment models for the prevention of this disease.

Methods:

An exhaustive review was carried out in the specialized literature of articles published on the subject using the following databases: PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Medline and the academic Google search engine.

Analysis and synthesis of the information:

Multiple risk factors for the occurrence of venous thromboembolism have been described in patients with hematologic malignancies: patient-related, disease-related, treatment-related and molecular, as well as biomarkers of risk. Based on these, several investigations have been developed to elaborate and validate predictive venous thromboembolism models to guide risk stratification and prophylactic treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in hematologic malignancies, although they are still insufficient. Lymphomas and multiple myeloma have more research in this area than other hematologic malignancies.

Conclusion:

There is a need to design new risk models and validate existing ones in a larger number of cases, as well as to develop prospective studies in patients at risk of thromboembolic events and hematologic malignancies, to carry out a personalized primary prevention strategy with thromboprophylaxis stratification.

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