Introduction:

premature delivery is a worldwide challenge, many authors consider it "the great problem", due to the high morbidity and mortality it generates.

Objective:

to identify the most frequent risk factors for prematurity.

Methods:

a descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out at the "Hermanos Cruz" Polyclinic in Pinar del Río, January to December 2022. The universe and study sample consisted of the total number of newborns (29) with gestational age less than 37 weeks, regardless of the acquired weight. Different variables were analyzed. Data collection was based on information obtained from the review of the medical records of pregnant women and the birth registry book of the Provincial Statistics Department. For statistical processing, descriptive statistical tools such as absolute and relative frequencies were used, and the results of the study were presented in tables.

Results:

the prematurity rate was 5,6 %. Prevalence was between 20 and 34 years of age, as well as greater than 1500 g (96,6 %). The most relevant risk factors related to prematurity were anemia (51,7 %), followed by hypertension and pregnancy (31,0 %), premature rupture of membranes (27,5 %), and induced abortions (44,8 %).

Conclusions:

preterm birth is a multifactorial condition; children born to mothers with maternal diseases associated with pregnancy (anemia, hypertension) and previous induced abortions were relevant risk factors for preterm birth.

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