Resumen

TABOADA LUGO, Noel et al. Behavior of some risk factors for major congenital malformations in Ranchuelo municipality. Rev Cubana Obstet Ginecol [online]. 2006, vol.32, n.2, pp. 0-0. ISSN 1561-3062.

Congenital malformation is defined as the defects having an important functional or aesthetic compromise for the individual's life, so they have medical consequences, require early attention, sometimes of emergency and, therefore, they also have a psychosocial impact. An analytical case-control study was conducted aimed at classifying the major congenital malformations influencing on children or fetal mortality in Ranchuelo municipality from January 1999 to December 2003 to determine the effectivity of the different prenatal diagnostic methods and to identify the risk factors associated with them. The working universe was composed of 25 cases (21 women with history of abortion due to genetic cause and 4 with previous history of at least a dead child as a result of congenital malformations). The same number of controls was selected. The malformations affecting the most were those of the nervous, digestive and genitourinary system. The efficacy of ultrasound in the prenatal diagnosis was 88 %, and when it was combined with the quantification of alpha fetoprotein in maternal serum it was 100 % for the diagnosis of the open congenital defects. The risk factors associated with malformations were previous family history of these defects, the toxic habits and the antecedents of threatened abortion with an attributable risk of 0.46, 0.37 and 0.32, respectively. Recommendations were made.

Palabras clave : Abnormalities [epidemiology]; risk factors; case-control study.

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