Introduction:

Each communicable disease, in accordance with its main transmission mechanism, is controlled by certain measures directed to the elements of the ecological triad: elimination of the reservoir, interruption of the mode of transmission and protection of the susceptible organism.

Objective:

Examine some preventive strategies in the components of the ecological triad against COVID-19.

Methods:

Bibliographic review of scientific articles in English and Spanish, available in databases like PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SciELO, and in the Google Scholar search engine, in addition to exploring websites of ministries of health, WHO, PAHO, Infomed, and other national and international sources. The quality, reliability and validity of the selected items were analyzed. 71 articles were studied, of which 52 were referenced.

Results:

The main elements that make up COVID-19 prevention and control measures directed to the elements of the ecological triad are described, among the multitude of available information in the confrontation with this health problem.

Final considerations:

In-depth knowledge of the relationships between the host, the pathogen and the environment jointly with its ecology is crucial to counteract infectious pathogens, where prevention plays a fundamental and primary role. Compliance with control measures at each link in the ecological triad is vital to prevent the spread of this disease.

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