Introduction:

There is a political and scientific interest in deepening the theoretical foundations related to social and gender inequalities, especially if they constitute iniquities that lead to health problems.

Objective:

To systematize knowledge about social and gender inequalities and their involvement in the population´s health.

Methods:

A documentary review study of scientific literature published in SciELO and Medline was conducted through the use of formal content analysis, which allowed to get to the ideas expressed.

Conclusions:

This study has been able to systematize the theoretical foundations of inequality and inequity and the theoretical models that underpin it. The health-disease-care process manifests itself differently depending on the social and gender situation of human communities.

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