Introduction:

The lethality of exacerbated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is an unresolved problem in intensive care units.

Objective:

To identify the factors related to the lethality of patients with exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, discharged from the intensive care unit in the Dr. “Agostinho Netoˮ Hospital of Guantánamo, from 2019 to 2020.

Methods:

A case-control study was carried out using sociodemographic variables (age, gender, nutritional status, comorbidity, toxic habits), and other variables related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (phenotype, severity, associated diagnoses, gasometric indicators, treatment with mechanical ventilation, complications, status at discharge, causes of death).

Results:

The largest number of patients were characterized by: being over 60 years old (n=45), male (n=46), with more than 10 years of disease evolution (n=37), underweight (n=35), and three or more comorbidities (n=41) and the most common was chronic pulmonary heart (n=36), high Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II), smokers (n=47), among other aspects.

Conclusions:

The factors most associated with lethality were Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score) score equal to or greater than 16 points, hypoxemia equal to or greater than 60 mmHg, and performance of tracheostomy 5 or more days of mechanical ventilation.

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