Introduction:

At the Institute of Hematology and Immunology, the molecular study of acute myeloid leukemias (AML) is carried out. For nonpromyelocytic acute myeloid leukemias, four biomarkers are determined: the RUNX1-RUNX1T1 and CBF(-MYH11 fusion genes, the internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene (DIT FLT3), and the “A” mutation of the NPM1 gene (NPM1-A).

Objective:

To determine the frequency of these four biomarkers in Cuban patients with nonpromyelocytic primary acute myeloid leukemias.

Methods:

91 patients were included, children and adults, who were studied at the Institute for three years from their disease debut. Complementary DNA was obtained from medullary blood RNA by reverse transcription. The corresponding fragments were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and the product was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis.

Results:

RUNX1-RUNX1T1 appeared in 24.2%; it was more frequent in pediatric patients and decreased significantly with age. CBFβ-MYH11 was found only in adults (4.8%). NPM1-A, accounting for 41%, represented the majority among adults. FLT3 DIT was observed in 21.6% and was not related to age. NPM1-A and DIT FLT3 were the disorders with the greatest concurrence.

Conclusions:

For the first time, the frequency of the four molecular biomarkers is described in Cuban patients with primary non-promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemias. Its characterization was similar to that described by other authors, although some peculiarities were found.

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