Original article

Provision of public spaces and green areas to learn to live together and promote sports practices

0000-0001-5977-2919Josué Carlos Rojas Krugger¹  , 0000-0003-3516-1982Eliana Soledad Castañeda-Núñez¹  , 0000-0002-3200-5880Jessica Micaela Ramos-Moreno²  , 0000-0002-4620-985XMarllury Ynés Melgarejo-Alcántara²  , 0000-0002-9206-169XRamos-Moreno Edison Williams¹  , 0000-0002-5989-6265María Aurora Gonzales Vigo¹  , 0000-0003-2096-7369María Isabel De los Santos Exebio³  , 0000-0002-0445-8735Jorge Luis Albarrán-Gil^{1  *} 

¹Escuela de Posgrado Universidad César Vallejo, Perú.

²Universidad Privada del Norte, Perú.

³Universidad Señor de Sipán, Perú.

ABSTRACT

The study is important because it allowed to know the existence of public spaces and green areas to learn to coexist and promote sports practices, and it has allowed to determine that 90% of the 45 managers agree that the municipality should allocate a budget to enable more spaces with some own mechanisms of municipal governments, due to the fact that, to date, it has been observed that for each public paved sports ground, there are approximately 3 sports fields with artificial grass with private administration; the objective of this research is to determine the relationship that exists between the types of communication within the neighborhoods of the provincial soccer league; the study was descriptive with a correlational scope, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. The subjects of the sample were selected for convenience, that is, a non-probabilistic sample, it was made up of a total of 45 representatives of 15 sports teams, which included 3 representatives for each soccer sports team. The participants in the sports competitions organized by the Sports Department Pearson 2 of the 3 correlations are high, being greater than 0.50, with the exception of the correlation between the dimensions: ascending, and horizontal is a low Pearson correlation of 0 .36; that explains the slight difficulties in coexistence. Consequently, communication to overcome the lack of spaces set up for sports practice is viable, as can be seen in most correlations.

Key words: Learning; sport; atmosphere.

INTRODUCTION

Learning to preserve parks and urban green areas is a good habit that should be shared, encouraged and established within the good customs and habits of healthy coexistence among citizens, even more so in situations where it is imperative to have green areas to have fun and go out urban monotony or domestic activities. Once these spaces are declared preserved, they can be made available for sports activities promoted by the municipality and public institutions, due to the perceived lack of frequent competitions in the sport that attracts the attention of youth: soccer; for which there is a lack of areas enabled to play sports and for sports competitions, that is to say that they are made of natural grass or with artificial grass to practice the variety of sports that citizens require; also for the well-being that it generates in the health and comfort of the person, according to: ^{(Shin., 2007}; ^{Raanaas et al., 2012}; MINSAL, 2017) ^{Romagosa,2018}; ^{Puhakka, 2018}; ^{Slee, 2019}; ^{Vert, Gascon, 2019)}, ^{Shiroma (2020)}.

Because there is a conviction that sport promotes human interrelations, facilitates interaction between neighbors and healthy coexistence, in this sense to promote the empowerment of these spaces, frequent programming of sports modalities is necessary, with activities throughout the year. This is how the initiative of some communities that have soccer competitions on Saturdays and Sundays, established in stages of first round, second round, qualifying stages and competitions that bring them closer to being able to access more competitive championships. In this sense, it has been verified in the surroundings of the urban part and the peripheral part the existence of spaces available so that the public sector can enable it for sports spaces or through the acquisition of areas from the private sector. The activity is conceived in this way to have large areas in which a sports field can be reached next to the green area sector with the respective maintenance. In contrast to this, there are private sports fields in a good state of maintenance, in which citizens pay to play sports; consequently, optionally, it will be possible to resort to cleaning and awareness days for citizens so that they do not throw garbage in the vicinity of green areas and sports fields. In this way, it is possible to encourage them to participate in sports competitions, as measures of union, brotherhood and to promote healthy coexistence.

Consequently, it is important to practice sports in the parks, in the peripheral part of the same or in the sports fields if these sports fields are enabled, prior coordination with the managers or those responsible for the care and protection of the areas to do sports. sport. This decision will allow conservation in good condition and free of contamination, either by the presence of abandoned dogs or by waste or garbage that some citizens have the bad habit of throwing next to free areas. In this perspective, the good use and responsible occupation of such areas should be promoted so that they become attractive areas to visit, to do and to practice sports, due to the lack of public spaces equipped with grass to make it striking and attractive to practice sport.

In other words, sports activities or sports practices in good account are recommended for various reasons specifically in the person who does this work. This activity benefits from the contributions it generates to strengthen their body so that they have protection and muscular development. Immunological defenses are increased because they are a good example for society and their relatives and because athletes wherever they go generate a clean environment, specifically these activities will allow them to overcome places where there is a lot of collection, a lot of proliferation pets because the same space cannot be occupied simultaneously by two living beings, in this case by athletes and pets.

It is advisable to practice sports in green areas or close to these areas; practice sports on the outskirts of the parks, which are very important activities, which implies the restriction of abandoned animals; also due to the fear in society of attacks on people or other animals ^{(Valderrama 2020)}.

Worldwide, in Barcelona an important article is perceived that deals with sport in urban public spaces, according to Public space and sport: from reflection to intervention. ^{(Bautista-Puig et al., 2022)} takes up three aspects considered essential: sport practiced in urban public spaces is social capital; this capital is generated when public spaces are designed to be meeting places and not transit areas; and urban public spaces, as a whole, are places of learning for citizens. In other words, the relevance of the learning and awareness of the citizenry is considered. In the conclusion, actions are suggested to improve the existing situation and remedy some of the deficits that have been observed.

Consistent with this and by virtue of the importance of spaces for sports, in one of the countries with the greatest economic progress such as the United States, the uncertainty of dog overcrowding exists some policies, to make spaces for various uses prevail, among them sports and recreation, this if the neglect of abandoned animals incurs the cases that they are not claimed by their owners or adopted (Olivares, 2020). That is why the authors of this research establish as the objective of this work: to determine the relationship that exists between the types of communication within the neighborhoods of the provincial soccer league

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study of this research has been characterized as being of a correlational type, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design.

The subjects of the sample were selected, for convenience, that is, a non-probabilistic sample, it was made up of a total of 45 representatives of 15 sports teams, considering three representatives per neighborhood, of which all are adults over 20 years of age, occupation: 28 merchants and carriers, ten teachers and seven with various occupations. These are representatives of each neighborhood, that is, of each soccer sports team that participates in the sports competitions organized by the Municipality's Department of Sports, Education and Culture. Initially, these have been selected to issue an opinion on the level of communications as people who help the managers of each of the teams, including the coach (or the one who acts as) or representative at the table and two neighbors. (as) of each neighborhood. These have been diagnosed due to concern about the lack of spaces set up for sports practice. On the other hand, the possibility of coordinating internally within each club to present proposals was shared.

As a work algorithm, they were asked to fill out a questionnaire with the dimensions: ascending (with communication indicators regarding obedience to the representative), descending (with communication indicators regarding obedience to people with a lower hierarchy). It was also classified as horizontal (with communication indicators regarding obedience and in consideration of citizens who are roughly on the same level)

The questionnaire consisted of 5 questions for each type of communication; all the questions had the alternatives: Always = 5, Frequently = 4, Sometimes = 3, Occasionally = 2, Never = 1.

The data analysis was done with the Excel software by coding the respondents to protect the identity, then the respective correlations were made with the Pearson statistician which values are shown in the results chapter.

RESULTS

The results of the questionnaires are shown below (Table 1)

Table 1-  - Results of the questionnaires and averages for each dimension: ascending, descending and horizontal 

It is observed that most averages are approximately 4, which corresponds to the option frequently; which indicates frequent and adequate communication in the coexistence of citizens according to each dimension: ascending, descending and horizontal. It is also observed that when finding the correlation of the columns that have the averages of each dimension, it was determined; between the two averages referring to communications ascending and descending a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.83. On the other hand, between the descending and horizontal communications there was a considerable correlation determined by the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.62; and the comparison of the directors of sports clubs in comparison with the communication between citizens. That is, a low Pearson correlation of 0.36 prevails between the dimensions: ascending and horizontal.

From this the importance of learning to preserve parks and urban green areas for sports or other activities can be deduced. This protection enables subjects to become familiar with spaces that are prone to contamination; and thus, be able to exercise a policy to promote the conservation of green areas and sports fields. In this way, it is possible to convert the fields into areas with artificial grass, based on the fact that they were previously made of cement, and also provide natural grass to the free areas that have not yet been paved, for which 90 % of the 45 managers agree that the municipality must allocate a budget to enable more spaces with some mechanisms of the municipal governments. This situation has been generated in this way, due to the fact that, currently, it has been observed that, for each paved sports ground, there are approximately 3 sports fields with artificial grass. This is why to be occupied with the practice of soccer and/or fulbito they have a high rate per hour; and by having a field enabled at the service of society with free use or with minimal fees, depending on the time, it will be possible to promote the massification of the sport at different times, with lower costs during the day, so that youth and children feel motivated to play sports on sports fields with characteristics similar to the synthetic grass fields that private entrepreneurs rent with high costs at night.

Consequently, communication to overcome the lack of spaces set up for sports practice is viable, as can be seen in most correlations.

DISCUSSION

This research reveals a reference study that provides pertinent information related to the provision of adequate spaces for carrying out physical activity. In works consulted, similar studies are mentioned that by merging potentialities in an integrated way, very satisfactory and convenient results could be obtained for the age group ^{(Llanes, 2012)} and above all thematic that characterizes it, such is the current role of the establishment of the biohealthy parks in urbanity, benefits that can be valued in the work of Vargas, (2016), also from the specificity shown in the work of ^{Santos-Pastor, et al. (2018)} who defend the idea of a natural space so that subjects with certain intellectual disabilities can carry out their necessary physical activity.

On the other hand, some park designs have also been found which destination has also been linked to physical activity, but this time more personalized according to the needs and cultural interests of the community that supports it ^{(Rodríguez et al., 2019}; ^{Martínez, 2022)}

And in an orienting way towards the future of contemporary sports spaces, they took into account the ideas and initiatives contained in proposals on this topic in the work of ^{Espinal-Ruiz et al. (2022)} and de Castillo, (2022).

CONCLUSIONS

Most of the correlation levels determined by the Pearson coefficient are direct because they are positive and 2 of the 3 correlations are high, because they are greater than 0.50, with the exception of the correlation between the dimensions: ascending, and horizontal is low. Pearson's correlation of 0.36; responding to the objective that there is a direct relationship between the types of communication. In summary, all were direct, although one of them has a low Pearson correlation (0.36). This explains the difficulties that exist between these groups of citizens, when determining the problem that hinders the slight difficulties in coexistence with respect to the agreements for the authorization of spaces for sports activities. By corroborating these results, improvement is perfected according to the potential and cognitive gaps to be resolved. With the present research, the different levels of correlations were classified, as well as their low communication was identified. These have been sufficient arguments to take into account, in such a way that in terms of future research spaces can be proposed for health-generating sports practices and activities that promote healthy coexistence, family union and of the citizens, for which also the adequate spaces will be preserved, because in various places there is a lack of public spaces equipped with grass to make it striking and attractive to practice sports.

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Received: April 28, 2023; Accepted: May 28, 2023

^*Autor para correspondencia: [e-mail]

Los autores declaran no tener conflictos de intereses.

Los autores han participado en la redacción del trabajo y análisis de los documentos.