Resumen

ACOSTA- DIAZ, Silvia et al. Evaluation of the hydrocarboroclastic capacity of a bacterial consortium isolated from coastal areas of cuba. Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quím. [online]. 2021, vol.52, n.2, pp. 79-88.  Epub 03-Dic-2021. ISSN 2221-2442.

The recovery of ecosystems contaminated with hydrocarbons using microorganisms offers a practical and viable solution. The objective of the research work was to evaluate the degradation capacity of a bacterial consortium, composed of four strains (Pseudomonas sp. B10, Alcaligenes sp. F10S1, Bacillus sp. F9S and Bacillus sp. RFA) isolated from coastal areas of Cuba. A microcosm test was designed using crude oil and petroleum derivatives (kerosene, diesel, gasoline, Jet A1) as carbon sources. The cultures were incubated with shaking at 130 rpm and a temperature of 300 C for 90 days. During the trial, the viability of the consortium was evaluated at 0, 21, 45 and 90 days by counting on plates of cultivable aerobic bacteria (CFU/mL). The Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) technique for crude oil, diesel, kerosene and Jet A1, Gas Chromatography was used for gasoline and Total Hydrocarbons (HCT) determined the degradation efficiency of the consortium for diesel, kerosene and Jet A1. The saturated, aromatic, resin and asphaltenes (SARA) components of crude oil were determined at the beginning and end of the trial by the EPA, 2020procedures. The consortium remained viable in cultivation with crude oil and derivatives, indicating that was able to use these compounds as a source of carbon and energy. The consortium was able to partially degrade the components of crude oil: saturated (38.46%), resins (89.5%) and asphalt (19.42 %), it also degraded diesel hydrocarbons (14.22 %), Kerosene (41.69 %) and Jet A1 (59.68 %), transformed the gasoline with the greatest influence on olefins (100 %) and paraffin (66.37 %). The consortium proved to be efficient in the degradation of crude oil and different petroleum derivatives, its application in bioaugmentation processes can be a viable alternative for the sanitation of ecosystems impacted by oil.

Palabras clave : consortium; biodegradation; hydrocarbons.