Resumen

MEDEROS CUERVO, Lilian María et al. Application of blood culture as a diagnostic tool in disseminated mycobacteriosis. Rev. CENIC Cienc. Biol [online]. 2022, vol.53, n.1, pp. 80-86.  Epub 07-Mar-2022. ISSN 2221-2450.

The World Health Organization defines extrapulmonary tuberculosis as an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) that affects tissues and organs outside the lung parenchyma. Following the development of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, there has been a significant increase in disseminated mycobacterial infections. Blood cultures continue to be the study of choice to confirm disseminated infections, as they allow the infectious etiology to be established. In this study, the etiological characterization of germs obtained from blood samples belonging to the genus Mycobacterium was carried out, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis of this pathology in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients, specifically in patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). A descriptive-prospective study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2020. 259 blood samples from 128 symptomatic patients were analyzed, of these 43 (33.60%) were from HIV-negative patients and 85 (66. 40%) HIV+ positive. The samples were analyzed using the lysis method by centrifugation. The identification of MTB was carried out by the SD TB AgMPT64 rapid immunochromatographic test, the identification of other species was carried out by established phenotypic-biochemical techniques. Of the total samples analyzed, 20 (7.72%) isolates were obtained, 8 (3.08%) MTB, and 12 (4.63%) isolates belonging to non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), of these 16 (80%) They were HIV/AIDS patients. The appearance of HIV led to new forms of disseminated tuberculosis disease, together with the presence of other mycobacterial species in the blood, so blood culture remains a useful test for the diagnosis of mycobacteremia. This study confirmed the importance of early clinical-microbiological diagnosis in this type of infection, since it will allow the start of specific treatment, especially in patients with any deterioration in your immune system, to avoid the risk of infectious dissemination.

Palabras clave : Mycobacterium tuberculosis; NTM; HIV; AIDS.

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