Introduction:

The study of the patterns of technical sports movement involves analyzing its biomechanical components, taking into account the multifactorial nature of sports performance.

Objective:

To describe the mechanics of the movement of the penalty kick in U-12 and U-17 football players.

Methods:

Quasi-experimental study of a correlative order. Eight biomechanical variables were studied: center of gravity in its two axes, body inclination, femorotibial angles before contact, femorotibial angles after contact, speed, acceleration and success. Two independent groups of 30 male footballers were selected, classified by U-12 and U-17 categories, and their performance was analysed through video analysis.

Results:

There were significant differences in favor of the sub-17 category in the variables center of gravity on the X axis (p = 0.000), body inclination (p = 0.000), speed (p = 0.000), and acceleration and accuracy (p = 0.000); and non-significant differences in the rest (center of gravity Y-axis: p = 0.267; femorotibial angles before contact: p = 0.459; femorotibial angles after contact: p = 0.446; and correct answers: p = 0.226).

Conclusions:

All the average ranges stood out in the U-17 category, except in the variable hits, which implied a greater speed and acceleration of the foot during the execution of the penalty kick. However, accuracy, as a coordinating component, was fundamental in the effectiveness of the shot.

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