Resumen

ROMERO DIAZ, Carlos et al. Oligoamnios: Epidemiology of a serious problem in the Modern Obstetrics. Rev Ciencias Médicas [online]. 2009, vol.13, n.2, pp. 268-277. ISSN 1561-3194.

Aimed at contributing to the better knowledge of Oligoamnios in obstetric context an epidemiological, analytical and observation study (cases and control) in pregnant women presenting oligoamnios at "Abel Santamaría Cuadrado" University Hospital in Pinar del Rio was conducted during January-December 2006. A group of pregnant women with oligoamnios (ultrasonic scanning) and a control group without this entity were included in the study. Variables of mothers, pregnancy, birth and newborn were studied. Percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, odds ratio with confidence interval (CI- 95%) and the attributable risk percent (ARP) were used as statistical methods. The main risk factors were: low-weight at early pregnancy (OR= 16,7 and ARP =58,9%), retarded intrauterine growth (OR= 5,5 and ARP= 49,9%) and the prolonged pregnancy (OR= 3,8 and ARP= 43,9); being only present in the control group the insufficient weight-gaining and the placental aging. The Oligoamnios was, at the same time, a risk factor for induced labor and to the Apgar score < 7 at 5 minutes birth. The 47, 2% of the pregnants ended the pregnancy with a primitive cesarean section and acute fetal distress was the main cause. The retarded intrauterine growth was in large measure associated with oligoamnios and recovered severe asphyxia was twice more frequent in pregnants with ILA < 2, 5 percentile; no-recovered asphyxia was the cause of newborn-death in this series, having no maternal death.

Palabras clave : Oligoamnios; risk factor; asphyxia; primitive cesarean section.

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