Background:

Swine production systems in Latin America are still vulnerable and exposed to viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathologies, causing enormous losses and risks to animal and public health.

Aim.

To study the most frequent swine pathologies presently found in Latin America.

Development:

The study made a bibliographic review of the literature from the last five years to unveil the factors that cause the appearance of etiological agents and implement preventive measures. The most frequent diseases found were influenza A (H1N), Enzootic Pneumonia, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Aujeszky, African swine fever, epidemic swine diarrhea, circoviruses, Parvovirosis, Swine Erysipelas, Leptospirosis, Brucellosis, Salmonellosis, Toxoplasmosis, and Taenia solium that causes Cysticercosis.

Conclusions:

The current figures showed the most frequently acquired diseases, with the highest impact percentages on swine production in Latin America. The causal agents of the main swine pathologies are presently affecting pigs and, therefore, circulating in the environment. Consequently, there is a need to implement new control strategies and biosafety protocols. The identification of pathology-causing agents is critical for the development of preventive measures.