Introduction.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends conducting nationally representative studies to estimate the prevalence of HIV pretreatment resistance to antiretrovirals (PDRs) to assess the effectiveness of first-line therapies. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of PDR in Cuban adults infected with HIV-1.

Methods.

HIV resistance to antiretrovirals was determined in 610 Cuban patients in two time periods (469 patients between 2009-2016 and 141 patients during the national survey of HIV-1 PDR conducted during 2017, according to the recommendations issued by the WHO).

Results and Discussion.

In the period 2009-2016, 19% of the patients presented viruses with some mutation associated with the PDR of HIV-1 to antiretrovirals (10,4 % to some nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), 12,8 % to some non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI), 2,8 % to some protease inhibitor (PI). In 2017, the prevalence of PDR was 29,8 % (95 %, CI 22,3-38.1). The prevalence was 10,6 % (95 %, IC 6,07-16,9) for some NRTI, 23,4 % (95 %, CI 16,7-31,3) for some NNRTI, and 1,4 % (95 %, CI 0,17-5,03) for some PI. It was concluded that the NNRTI prevalence above 10 % in our study indicates that the first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cuba may be less effective and supports the need to look for new treatment options.

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