Introduction:

type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with other metabolic and non-metabolic disorders, with the possible common pathogenic link of insulin resistance and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This situation has been denominated the metabolic syndrome.

Objective:

to characterize patients with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus over 40 years of age.

Methods:

a descriptive, cross-sectional, developmental study, the universe consisted of 289 patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the sample consisted of 159 patients with three or more criteria to establish the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

Results:

the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome predominated in women with four criteria (44.3%); obesity, sedentary lifestyle, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia, as family pathological history, were the predominant risk factors and 10 years of evolution (41.6%), with the highest percentage of criteria for diagnosis, which worsened metabolic control and increased cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

patients diagnosed with metabolic syndrome with three and four criteria predominated in equal proportions. Family history of arterial hypertension, obesity and sedentary lifestyle were the most frequent, and arterial hypertension, abdominal obesity and dyslipidemia were the most relevant clinical and biochemical aspects. Those with between five and 10 years of evolution of the disease, with combined treatment of oral antidiabetics and insulin and with acceptable control prevailed. The increase in the number of years of evolution of diabetes and its poor control increase the diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome, with high and very high cardiovascular risk.

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