INFORMACIONES

Bibliomed sobre la resistencia a los antimicrobianos como problema de salud pública

Bibliomed on the antimicrobial resistance as a public health problem

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FARMACORRESISTENCIA MICROBIANA/salud pública

Akiyama T, Savin MC. Populations of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria change rapidly in a wastewater effluent dominated stream. Sci Total Environ [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];408(24):[aprox. 10 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-514YXRK-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=11%2F15%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
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Andremont A, Bonten M, Kluytmans J, Carmeli Y, Cars O, Harbarth S. Fighting bacterial resistance at the root: need for adapted EMEA guidelines. Lancet Infect Dis [internet]. 2011 [citado 27 Abr 2011];11(1):[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W8X-51RSSGW-3&_user=2778716&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
b131b1595a8241137cc2072b67 f99326&searchtype=a

Aydin A, Muratoglu K, Sudagidan M, Bostan K, Okuklu B, Harsa S. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of foodborne Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Turkey. Foodborne Pathog Dis [internet]. 2011[citado 29 Abr 2011];8(1):[aprox. 7 p]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.liebertonline.com/whalecom0/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2010.0613?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Barbier F, Lebeaux D, Hernandez D, Delannoy AS, Caro V, François P, et al. High prevalence of the arginine catabolic mobile element in carriage isolates of methi-cillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. J Antimicrob Chemother [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];66(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomjac.oxfordjournals.org/whalecom0/content/66/1/29.long

Beerenwinkel N, Knupfer P, Tresch A. Learning monotonic genotype-phenotype maps. Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol [Internet]. 2011[citado 26 Abr 2011];10(1):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.bepress.com/whalecom0/sagmb/vol10/iss1/art3/

Biedenbach DJ, Farrell DJ, Mendes RE, Ross JE, Jones RN. Stability of linezolid activity in an era of mobile oxazoli-dinone resistance determi-nants: results from the 2009 Zyvox® Annual Appraisal of Potency and Spectrum program. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr
2011];68(4):[aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T60-51H6PNK-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
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Bravo FL, Correa MY, Clausell JF, Fernández AA, Ramírez AM, Núñez FF, et al. Caracteriza-ción de factores de virulencia y susceptibilidad antimicro-biana en cepas de Plesiomonas shigelloides aisladas de pacientes con diarrea aguda en Cuba. Rev Chil Infect [internet]. 2009 [citado 30 Abr 2011];26(3):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-10182009000400005&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en

Brito Chávez M, Álvarez Almanza D, Mena Pérez R. Comportamiento de la infección del tracto urinario en pacientes del hospital Héroes de Baire 2006. Rev Haban Cienc Méd [internet]. 2010 [citado 30 Abr 2011];9(1):[aprox. 7 p.]. Disponible en: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1729-519X2010000100008&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es

Brossier F, Lefrançois S, Paute J, Gouot A, Golmard JL, Chaibi P, et al. Decolonisation for early control of an outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Entero-coccus faecium in a geriatric rehabilitation care facility. J Hosp Infect [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];76(4):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJP-512DST4-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
f1f6de756b33ad8488382cf3f2c 783fc&searchtype=a

D'Arezzo S, Principe L, Capone A, Petrosillo N, Petrucca A, Visca P. Changing carbapenemase gene pattern in an epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii lineage causing multiple outbreaks in central Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];66(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomjac.oxfordjournals.org/whalecom0/content/66/1/54.long

Dashti AA, Jadaon MM, Amyes SG. Retrospective study of an outbreak in a Kuwaiti hospital of multidrug-resistant Kleb-siella pneumoniae possessing the new SHV-112 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. J Chemother [internet]. 2010 [citado 27 Abr 2011];22(5):[aprox. 4 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.jchemother.it/whalecom0/cgi-bin/digisuite.exe/searchresult?range=pubmed&volume=22&year=2010&firstpage=335

Diehl DL, LaPara TM. Effect of temperature on the fate of genes encoding tetracycline resistance and the integrase of class 1 integrons within anaerobic and aerobic digesters treating municipal wastewater solids. Environ Sci Technol [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];44(23):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es102765a

Dorton BJ, Mulindwa J, Li MS, Chintu NT, Chibwesha CJ, Mbewe F, et al. CD4+ cell count and risk for antiretroviral drug resistance among women using peripartum nevirapine for perinatal HIV prevention. BJOG [internet]. 2011[citado 27 Abr 2011];118(4):[aprox. 5 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomonlinelibrary.wiley.com/whalecom0/doi/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2010.02835.x/abstract;jsessionid=FEC3FAF536FEF6C81F1F5B0032BE65DB.d01t01

Figueira V, Serra E, Manaia CM. Differential patterns of antimicrobial resistance in population subsets of Escherichia coli isolated from waste and surface waters. Sci Total Environ [internet]. 2011 [citado 26 Abr 2011];409(6):[aprox. 7 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V78-51WM20G-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=02%2F15%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&
origin=gateway&sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=
2778716&md5=47c2fe32f0cb105a8b68ed4ecd4 c5208&searchtype=a

Fuentefria DB, Ferreira AE, Corção G. Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from hospital wastewater and superficial water: are they genetically related? J Environ Manage [internet]. 2011[citado 29 Abr 2011];92(1):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJ7-514FW3F-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5
=fae5de258fe53586168ae62a74 7f714a&searchtype=a

Garcia-Armisen T, Vercammen K, Passerat J, Triest D, Servais P, Cornelis P. Antimicrobial resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in sewage-contaminated rivers. Water Res [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];45(2):[aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0 /science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6V73-511G1KV-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
ed0f9bff7bccf35996835108483 68423&searchtype=a

Geffen Y, Finkelstein R, Oren I, Shalaginov R, Tavleva I, Sprecher H. Changing epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage during an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Hosp Infect [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];76(4):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0 /science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6WJP-518SP86-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
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Giske CG, Cornaglia G. ESCMID Study Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (ESGARS). Supranational surveillance of antimicrobial resistance: the legacy of the last decade and proposals for the future. Drug Resist Updat [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];13(4-5):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&udi=B6WDK-512W0MF-1&_user=2778716&_coverDate=10%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_origin=
gateway&sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
91ad9cd54c535c7842a61da98b ab5371&searchtype=a

Gousia P, Economou V, Sakkas H, Leveidiotou S, Papadopoulou C. Antimicrobial resistance of major foodborne pathogens from major meat products. Foodborne Pathog Dis [internet]. 2011[citado 29 Abr 2011];8(1):[aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.liebertonline.com/whalecom0/doi/abs/10.1089 /fpd.2010.0577?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Hebert C, Weber SG. Common approaches to the control of multidrug-resistant organisms other than methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Infect Dis Clin North Am [internet]. 2011 [citado 26 Abr 2011];25(1):[aprox. 20 p]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0 /science?_
ob=ArticleURL&udi=B75J9-51R516W-1&_user=2778716&_coverDate=03%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&
orig=gateway&origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=
0&_userid=2778716&md5=a968e7f5f2190e2dfb3396dd9d 1e7636&searchtype=a

Hope R, Mushtaq S, James D, Pllana T, Warner M, Liver-more DM. Tigecycline Susceptibility Testing Group. Tigecycline activity: low resistance rates but problematic disc breakpoints revealed by a multicentre sentinel survey in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother [internet]. 2010 [citao 29 Abr 2011];65(12): [aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomjac.oxfordjournals.org/whalecom0/content/65/12/2602.long

Huskins WC, Huckabee CM, O'Grady NP, Murray P, Kopetskie H, Zimmer L, et al. STAR*ICU Trial Investigators. Intervention to reduce transmission of resistant bacteria in intensive care. N Engl J Med [internet]. 2011 [citado 26 Abr 2011];364(15): [aprox. 12 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.nejm.org/whalecom0/doi/full/10.1056 /NEJMoa1000373

Karczmarczyk M, Martins M, Mc Cusker M, Mattar S, Amaral L, Leonard N, et al. Characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica food and animal isolates from Colombia: identification of a qnrB19-mediated quinolone resistance marker in two novel serovars. FEMS Microbiol Lett [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];313(1):[aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomonlinelibrary.wiley.com/whalecom0/doi /10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02119.x/abstract

Lanthier M, Scott A, Lapen DR, Zhang Y, Topp E. Frequency of virulence genes and antibiotic resistances in Enterococcus spp. isolates from wastewater and feces of domesticated mammals and birds, and wildlife. Can J Microbiol [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];56(9): [aprox. 15 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/doi/abs/10.1139/W10-046

Lanzas C, Lu Z, Gröhn YT. Mathematical modeling of the transmission and control of foodborne pathogens and antimicrobial resistance at preharvest. Foodborne Pathog Dis [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];8(1):[aprox. 10 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.liebertonline.com/whalecom0/doi/abs/10.1089 /fpd.2010.0643?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Lesho E, Craft D, Kirkup BC Jr, Waterman P, Summers A, Vahey MT, et al. Surveillance, characterisation, and preserva-tion of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Lancet Infect Dis [internet]. 2011 [citado 27 Abr 2011];11(1):[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0 /science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W8X-51RSSGW-&_user=2778716&_coverDate=01%2F31%2F2011&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&orig=gateway&origin=gateway&_
sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=
ca48a498cfc4dea46dd6ff4c19a 18ac7&searchtype=a

Li X, Wang HH. Tetracycline resistance associated with commensal bacteria from representative ready to consume deli and restaurant foods. J Food Prot [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];73(10): [aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.ingentaconnect.com /whalecom0/content/iafp/jfp/2010/00000073/00000010/art00009?token=00481422e662437a63736a6f5747794c
587025446a49566f644a467b4d616d3f4e4b3421

Lu Y, Wu CM, Wu GJ, Zhao HY, He T, Cao XY, et al. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella isolates from chicken in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis [internet]. 2011 [citado 27 Abr 2011];8(1):[aprox. 9 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.liebertonline.com/whalecom0/doi/abs/10.1089/fpd.2010.0605?url
ver=Z39.88 -2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

McGrath EJ, Chopra T, Abdel-Haq N, Preney K, Koo W, Asmar BI, et al. An outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection in a neonatal intensive care unit: investigation and control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];32(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en: http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086 /657669?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed

Meyer WG, Pavlin JA, Hospenthal D, Murray CK, Jerke K, Hawksworth A, et al. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the AFHSC-GEIS network. BMC Public Health [internet]. 2011 [citado 26 Abr 2011];11 (Suppl 2):[aprox. 8 p]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.biomedcentral.com/whalecom0/1471-2458/11/S2/S8

de Oliveira AC, Damasceno QS. [Surfaces of the hospital environment as possible deposits of resistant bacteria: a review]. Rev Esc Enferm USP [internet]. 2010 [citado 26 Abr 2011];44(4):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.scielo.br/whalecom0 /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0080-62342010000400038&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en.

Paterson DL, Rogers BA.How soon is now? The urgent need for randomized, controlled trials evaluating treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection. Clin Infect Dis [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011]; 51(11):[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponible en: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content /51/11/1245.long

Pérez Manresa S, Buján Carreño M, Horta Labrada EM, Piñedo González AM. Estrategias para disminuir la polifarmaco resistencia en el paciente grave. Rev electrón [internet]. 2009 [citado 29 Abr 2011]; 34(2):[aprox. 15 p]. Disponible en: http://www.ltu.sld.cu/revista/index_files/articles/2009 /abril-jun09/abril-jun09_10.html

Rajesh L, Ramesh K, Hanna LE, Narayanan PR, Swaminathan S. Emergence of drug resistant mutations after single dose nevirapine exposure in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in south India. Indian J Med Res [internet]. 2010 [citado 27 Abr 2011];132(5):[aprox. 4 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/whalecom0/pmc /articles/PMC3028950/?tool=pubmed

Ramos ER, Reitzel R, Jiang Y, Hachem RY, Chaftari AM, Chemaly RF, et al. Clinical effectiveness and risk of emerging resistance associated with prolonged use of antibiotic-impregnated cathe-ters: more than 0.5 million catheter days and 7 years of clinical experience. Crit Care Med [internet]. 2011[citado 29 Abr 2011];39(2):[aprox. 7 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomovidsp.tx.ovid.com/whalecom0/sp-3.4.0b /ovidweb.cgi?T=JS&PAGE=fulltext&D=ovft&AN=00003246-201102000 -00001&NEWS=N&CSC=Y&CHANNEL=PubMed

Rijnders MIa, Nys S, Driessen C, Hoebe CJ, Hopstaken RM, Oudhuis GJ, et al. Staphylococcus aureus carriage among GPs in The Netherlands. Br J Gen Pract [internet]. 2010 [citado 27 Abr 2011];60(581): [aprox. 5 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinarigw.who.int/whalecomwww.ingentaconnect.com/whalecom0/content/rcgp/bjgp/2010/00000060/00000581/art00012?token=004a1523b1956437a63736a6f5747794c3b7025705023796f644a467b4d616d3f4e4b3425e

Rogers BA, Sidjabat HE, Paterson DL. Escherichia coli O25b-ST131: a pandemic, multiresistant, community-associated strain. J Antimicrob Chemother [internet]. 2011 [citado 29 Abr 2011];66(1):[aprox. 14 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomjac.oxfordjournals.org/whalecom0/content/66/1/1.long

Tamma PD, Cosgrove SE. Antimi-crobial stewardship. Infect Dis Clin North Am [internet]. 2011[citado 26 Abr 2011];25(1):[aprox. 16 p.]. Disponible en:
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origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&
userid=2778716&md5=3e6e4ce440896903d5575b100c e9ba7e&searchtype=a

Tannock GW, Tiong IS, Priest P, Munro K, Taylor C, Richardson A, et al. Testing probiotic strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (Mutaflor) for its ability to reduce carriage of multidrug-resistant E. coli by elderly residents in long term care facilities. J Med Microbiol [internet]. 2011 [citado 27 Abr 2011];60(Pt 3):[aprox. 5 p.]. Disponible en: http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomjmm.sgmjournals.org/whalecom0/cgi/content/full/60/3/366

Yang JR, Huang YP, Lin YC, Su CH, Kuo CY, Hsu LC, et al. Early findings of oseltamivir-resistant pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza A viruses in Taiwan. Antiviral Res [internet]. 2010 [citado 29 Abr 2011];88(3):[aprox. 7 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomwww.sciencedirect.com/whalecom0/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2H-5137F5W -2&_user=2778716&_coverDate=12%2F31%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=gateway&_
origin=gateway&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000049744&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=2778716&md5=65e7f6738386584109e0510707 57a7f3&searchtype=a

Yuji K, Oiso G, Matsumura T, Murashige N, Kami M. Police investigation into multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in Japan. Clin Infect Dis [internet]. 2011 [citado 26 Abr 2011];52(3): [aprox. 4 p.]. Disponible en: http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/52/3/422.1.long

Zhao J, Dang H.Identification of a globally distributed clinical streptomycin-resistance plas-mid and other resistance determinants in a coastal bay of China. Lett Appl Microbiol [internet]. 2011[citado 29 Abr 2011];52(1):[aprox. 8 p.]. Disponible en:
http://hinari-gw.who.int/whalecomonlinelibrary.wiley.com/whalecom0/doi/10.1111/j.1472-
765X.2010.02958.x/full

Descriptores DeCS y MeSH utilizados para localizar la información:

                    DeCS                                                                                             MeSH

FARMACORRESISTENCIA MICROBIANA                              DRUG RESISTANCE, MICROBIAL

SALUD PÚBLICA                                                                      PUBLIC HEALTH

Más información:

- García Sánchez JL, Varona Rodríguez FA. Resistencia antimicrobiana [internet]. En: García Sánchez J L, Varona   Rodríguez FA. Antimicrobianos: consideraciones para su uso en pediatría. La Habana: Ecimed;2009 [citado 30 Abr 2011]. Disponible en: http://www.bvs.sld.cu/libros/antimicrobianos/cap2.pdf

- National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) [internet]. Bethesda, MD: National Institutes of   Health [citado 30 Abr 2011]. Antimicrobial (Drug) Resistance.Causes; [aprox. 4 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/antimicrobialResistance/Understanding/Pages/causes.aspx

- Organización Mundial de la Salud [internet]. Ginebra: Programas y Proyectos; c 2011 [citado 30 Abr 2011].   Farmacorresistencia. Resistencia a los antimicrobianos; [aprox. 5 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/drugresistance/es/index.html

- Organización Panamericana de la Salud [internet]. Washington, DC: Resistencia antimicrobiana; 2011 [citado 30   Abr 2011]. Vigilancia; [aprox. 10 pantallas]. Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/spanish/ad/dpc/cd/antimicrob.htm