Introduction:

Intralesional infiltration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) has emerged as a therapeutic alternative for diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) healing. The objectives of this research were: to determine the molecular profile of patients with DFU and to characterize the systemic effects of EGF intralesional treatment in such patients, taking into account redox balance markers, components of the advanced glycation end-product (AGE) pathway, factors related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) stability and pro-inflammatory markers.

Methods:

Thirteen patients with DFU were characterized in comparison with diabetic patients without ulcers (compensated and non-compensated) and non-diabetic subjects, attending to redox balance markers, components of the AGE pathway, and elements related to the stability of the ECM. The systemic response of patients with DFU to the intralesional treatment with EGF was evaluated according to the same parameters, in addition to other pro-inflammatory markers.

Results:

Patients with DFU exhibited the most disheveled biochemical profile, with elevated oxidative stress, low antioxidant reserves, increased glycoxidation products and matrix metalloproteases (MMP), with respect to non-ulcerated diabetic patients and to non-diabetic subjects. The intralesional administration of EGF was associated with a significant recovery of the parameters studied and with the systemic attenuation of several pro-inflammatory markers. Conclusions: These results indicate that intralesional infiltration of EGF translates into systemic antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-degradative and anti-AGE effects, which contribute to restoring homeostasis in the diabetic patient.

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