Resumo

CAPOTE GUERRERO., Guillermo; LABRADA TAPIA., Domingo Angel; SOSA GARCIA., Daniel  e  GORGOSO VAZQUEZ, Ariadna. Preoperative fasting. Multimed [online]. 2020, vol.24, n.5, pp. 1221-1232.  Epub 17-Set-2020. ISSN 1028-4818.

Bronchoa aspiration is one of the most feared complications by anesthesiologists throughout the perioperative period. For more than a century, in order to avoid this complication, preoperative fasting has been implemented, a period in which the patient does not eat food to decrease the gastric content. The purpose of this article is to review the highlights and current aspects of preoperative fasting. For which a manual and digital search was carried out in different databases such as MEDLINE, Scielo, IBECS and Cochrane, with the following descriptors: preoperative fasting, fasting effects. When the concept of preoperative fasting arises the patient had to spend more than 8 hours without feeding, causing this not only feeling hungry, thirsty, irritating, but also causing serious endocrine-metabolic alterations. According to the latest recommendations, based on scientific evidence, it is advised to follow the following times of surgical fasting: 2 h for clear liquids, 4 h for breast milk, 6 h for cow's milk, 8 h for solids. In conclusion, it is considered that an extended period without ingesting food before surgery far from being beneficial is deterreal for the patient's good prognosis.

Palavras-chave : Preoperative fasting; Breathing.

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