Background:

The clinical variability of SARS-CoV-2 infection is partially due to genetic factors.

Objective:

To describe the main Covid-19 susceptibility genes.

Methodology:

A literature review was performed in Google Scholar, SciELO, Annual Reviews and PubMed Central. The descriptors used to search the documents were consulted in DeCS: SARS-CoV-2, Covid-19, genetics and genetic predisposition to disease. Full text articles available in English and Spanish were selected, rather from peer-reviewed journals.

Results:

Genes involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection include DDX1 which promotes viral replication, IFITM1, IFITM2, IFITM3, IFNAR2 encoding interferon-induced proteins, receptor genes (ACE2, ANPEP, DPP4), protease genes (TMPRSS2, furin, TMPRSS11D, CTSL, CTSB) that contribute to viral entry, immune response genes such as ABO and metallopeptidases such as the ADAM family. Risk genetic polymorphisms have been detected.

Conclusions:

In SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors that determine the susceptibility of individuals to Covid and its severity. The role of genes in Covid-19 susceptibility should be further investigated.

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