Introduction:

Different studies have proposed the relationship between the blood groups of ABO system and the susceptibility to COVID-19 and its importance in the course of the disease.

Objective:

To determine the phenotypic frequency of ABO and RhD blood groups in a group of patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional, case-control study was conducted to determine the ABO and RhD phenotypic frequency in a group of patients with COVID-19 active disease. Nine hundred twenty eight blood samples and 1050 samples belonging to healthy individuals as control group were studied. The ABO and RhD blood group was determined by the tube agglutination method with anti-A, anti-B, anti-A+B, and anti-D blood classifying sera. The results were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies and the association of the blood group with the severity of the disease was determined by the non-parametric χ2 test with a significance level of p ≤ 0.05.

Results:

A predominance of phenotype O (49.24%) was observed, followed by A (35.79%), B (12.68%) and AB (2.27%) respectively. The O and B phenotypes showed statistical significance for the occurrence of COVID-19, with p values < 0.05. No statistical significance was found regarding the prevalence of a particular phenotype and the need for intensive care.

Conclusions:

The relationship of the ABO blood group in the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 and the severity of the disease by COVID-19 requires additional studies, since the current ones are not conclusive.

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