Resumo

MARTINEZ-COCA, Benedicto et al. Antagonism of strains of Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg against isolates of Fusarium spp. from chickpea. Rev. Protección Veg. [online]. 2018, vol.33, n.2 ISSN 2224-4697.

The objective of this work was to select promising strains of Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg for the control of Fusarium spp. pathogens of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). The antagonistic activity (competition for space, mycoparasitism, and antibiosis) of the Trichoderma strains was evaluated by the dual culture method and the antibiosis by the suspension method (volatile metabolites) and by filtrates (non-volatile metabolites) of the antagonist. All the Trichoderma strains tested showed high competitive capacity for space vs Fusarium isolates, except Ta.85. Trichoderma strains Ta.3, Ta.12, Ta.25, Ta.78, and Ta.79 stood out for their mycoparasitism in Fusarium nygamai (F-11) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (F-50). Strain Ta. 1 showed its mycoparasitic effect on the isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (F-50) and (F-51). Strains Ta.1, Ta.28, Ta.78 and Ta.79 were outstanding due to their metabolic action against the Fusarium isolates. The action of the volatile metabolites excreted by Trichoderma on the Fusarium isolates growth was variable. Some Trichoderma strains, such as Ta.56 against F-11, Ta.1 against F-50, and Ta.28 against F-50, and F-5l, stood out for showing higher values of inhibition of Fusarium growth and stability in the results, due to the lower variability of their variances. The non-volatile metabolites of the Ta.79 strain had the highest inhibition values against the pathogen isolates, being this strain the most stable. From the comprehensive analysis of all mechanisms studied, the strain Ta.79 was the most promising to control Fusarium spp.

Palavras-chave : antibiosis; biological control; Cicer arietinum; mycoparasitism.

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