Introduction:

one of the main consequences of oncohematological diseases is the appearance of malnutrition. A suboptimal nutritional status implies a worsening of the quality of life of child and a lower survival rate which indicates the need for increasing knowledge by pediatricians and family doctors of the basic principles that support the area under discussion.

Objective:

to describe the aspects related to the nutritional management of pediatric patients suffering from oncohematological diseases.

Methods:

a search of the main scientific articles published during the last years was performed, as well as of the printed literature that includes the topic, the most relevant contents for the preparation of the final report were revised, in order to contribute to the doctors who attend these sick children.

Results:

specialized nutritional support is indicated in patients with malnutrition, oral intake less than 70 % of their nutritional requirements for three consecutive days, and patients with complications that compromise their nutritional status. The types of nutritional support are oral diet, nutritional supplementation and artificial nutrition. Healthy eating provides each individual with all the necessary food to cover their nutritional needs in different stages of life.

Conclusions:

the nutrition therapy applied to cancer patients consists of correcting, treating or preventing imbalances, nutritional deficiencies with macronutrients and micronutrients, fluids intake, electrolytes and the application of parenteral or enteral nutrition, all these steps are aimed at improving the nutritional status and the quality of life of malnourished patients or at risk of malnutrition.

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