Introduction:

The optimization of training endurance in long-distance runners at high altitudes permits the analysis of altitude as a factor that produces variations in the climate, temperature, atmospheric pressure, and the number of air particles, as well as the specificities of the geography to be considered when planning sports training.

Aim:

To conduct a thorough characterization of the factors that influence training, in order to enhance aerobic endurance of long-distance runners in the conditions of high altitudes.

Method:

This study relied on documentary reviews, with a systematic bibliographic review based on the analytical-synthetic and inductive-deductive methods, which enabled the identification and analysis of the main theoretical and methodological referents found in several indexed papers in Google Scholar, Scopus, Pubmed, Scielo, Web of Science, Dialnet and Redalyc.

Results:

To plan the aerobic endurance of long-distance runners, the factors that have an integral influence are shown, such as the biotype, genetics and athlete's health; the socioeconomic and family aspects; teaching and didactic actions in planning this component of the preparation; the adaptation and assimilation process of the aerobic endurance training loads; the geographical characteristics, the biomechanical and psychological elements.

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