Introduction:

Resistance to third generation cephalosporins in Enterobacteriacea is mediated by extended spectrum β-lactamase enzymes. The main families of β-lactamase enzymes are CTX-M and SHV. E. coli and its genes are spread either by clonal spread or horizontal transfer through the food chain. Previous studies demonstrated in Cuba β-lactamase enzymes CTX-M types in human strains, but there are no data in animals. The objective was to characterize commensal E. coli- third generation cephalosporins in healthy poultry and pigs.

Methods:

Cloacal exudates (434) were collected from birds (2013-2015) in Mayabeque and 215 rectals from pigs in western farms and slaughterhouses in (2016-2015). They were analyzed by molecular epidemiology techniques.

Results:

The presence of E. coli- third generation cephalosporins strains is reported in birds (62) and pigs (96). The variants blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15 were reported for the first time in Cuba in E.coli from birds and blaCTX-M-32, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCTX-M-55 in strains of pigs. The strains showed multi-resistance to other antibiotics tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, revealed high diversity, those of birds corresponded to 23 types of sequences and different groups of plasmid incompatibility. The pig strains had 16 types of sequences, in one of them the entire genome was sequenced and the location of the blaCTX-M-32 gene in an IncX1 plasmid was verified. Coincidentally, sequence types 410 (birds) and 648 (pigs) harboring blaCTX-M-15 are detected in human clinical strains. Conclusions CTX-M-type ESBL-producing E. coli strains are widespread in poultry and pig production facilities in the western region; active horizontal transfer seems to be the main route for the dissemination of blaCTX-M genes. It is suggested to review the use of antimicrobials in animals and to strengthen good hygiene practices to minimize the risk of propagation of E.coli third generation cephalosporins clones.

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