Introduction:

Coqueluchoid syndrome is a frequent cause of admission and Bordetella pertussis is not always ruled out as its origin.

Objective:

Identify the infectious etiology in children admitted with coqueluchoid/coqueluche syndrome and its relationship with vaccination status.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 120 children up to 10 years of age diagnosed with coqueluchoid syndrome admitted to the Pulmonology Service of "Juan Manuel Márquez" Children's Hospital between January 2010 and September 2012. Age, sex, evolution, polymerase chain reaction results and culture for viruses, bacteria and mycoplasmas were evaluated in samples obtained at admission, processed at the Institute of Tropical Medicine ; in addition to the compliance with anti-pertussis vaccination. Qualitative variables were described by absolute frequencies and percentages; to evaluate the ratio of whooping cough and non-compliance with vaccination, the Ji square test was used with a significance level of p≤ 0.05.

Results:

Children under one year of age (69.2%) and female sex (55%) predominated. Bordetella pertussis was isolated in 71 cases (59.2%); it was more frequent in children under 6 months (59.7%) and in children with incomplete vaccination (80%), but the difference with non-pertussis cases was not significant (p= 0.214). There was co-infection with viruses and mycoplasmas (54-76%). Viral etiology predominated in the remaining 49; rhinovirus was the most represented overall. A newborn died with B. pertussis pneumonia.

Conclusions:

In the face of a coqueluchoid syndrome we must always keep in mind the possibility of whooping cough, especially in young children with incomplete vaccination.

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