Introduction:

Early onset bacterial infection is a neonate condition that is an important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Objective:

To identify histological chorioamnionitis as a risk factor and its influence on neonatal infection in preterm neonates, as well as the construction of a severity scale in the histology of placental structures.

Method:

An analytical investigation of cases and controls was carried out, whose sample consisted of 450 newborns (cases) with early bacterial infection of early onset and 900 newborns (controls) who did not present this condition in the first 72 hours of life.

Result:

Histological chorioamnionitis was diagnosed in 96 newborns for 21.3 %, with odd ratio (OR) = 26.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): [13.40-53.75] with p= 0.000; In controls, only 9 infants had positive placental histology (1.0%) of the 96 placentas with positive histology; 20 belonged to group A (light) (20.8%); 45 placentas to group B (moderate) (46.9%) and 31 to group C (severe) (32.3%); Of the 9 placentas analyzed in the controls, only 7 belonged to the group of light placentas that represent 77.8% and in cases 20.8%.

Conclusions:

Histological chorioamnionitis is an important and significant risk factor, a severity scale was constructed in placentas with positive histology, this classification represents a theoretical contribution, since when increasing the severity the clinical bacterial infection in preterm neonates is more evident.

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