Introduction:

Urolithiasis has increased in recent decades. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), the most common of all hereditary kidney diseases, occupies a predominant position in terms of incidence.

Objectives:

Identify the frequency of occurrence of urinary metabolic disorders in Cuban urolithiasis patients with and without ADPKD.

Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted of 579 adult patients without ADPKD selected by simple random sampling, and 21 patients with ADPKD, from the total urolithiasis patients undergoing renal metabolic evaluation at the Renal Physiopathology Laboratory of the Institute of Nephrology in the period 2010-2015. Data were obtained from medical records and reports of renal metabolic studies. Information was processed with the statistical software SPSS version 22.0. Average and standard deviation were estimated and use was made of frequency distribution analysis and homogeneity testing.

Results:

A predominance was found of female sex among patients with ADPKD (57.1%) and male sex among patients without ADPKD (63.4%). The most common disorders were hypercalciuria (45.3%) and hypophosphatemia (17.1%) in the non-polycystic population, and increased uric acid clearance (38.1%) and hypercalciuria (23.8%) in polycystic patients. Statistically significant differences were found in uric acid clearance increase (p = 0.01) and hyperphosphatemia (p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

The main metabolic disorders of lithiasis patients, polycystic as well as non-polycystic, are increased uric acid clearance, hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria and hypophosphatemia, with a varying order of presentation. Increased uric acid clearance and hyperphosphatemia are more common in polycystic lithiasis patients.

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