Introduction:

Community complicated pneumonia is an entity with great impact on morbidity and mortality in children.

Objective:

To develop an instrument that allows prognosticating children at high risk of developing community complicated pneumonia.

Methods:

A qualitative-quantitative study was carried out at "Comandante Pinares" General Hospital, San Cristobal municipality, in the period from 2013 to 2016 in two stages: an initial diagnostic stage, in which it was performed a prospective observational cohort study that allowed to estimate the incidence of complicated pneumonia, to describe its relevant characteristics and identify risk factors. In a second stage, it was developed and validated a prognosis instrument for this entity.

Results:

The incidence of complicated pneumonia was 39.5 % identifying six risk factors: overcrowding (OR 1.9), passive smoking (OR 1.76), not exclusive breastfeeding until the sixth month (OR 1.85), anemia (OR 4.5), recurrent infectious morbidity (OR 1.69), and recent use of antimicrobials (OR 2.38). When the prognosis instrument was applied, it was obtained a sensitivity of 85.47 and a specificity of 92.74.

Conclusions:

Complicated pneumonia is an entity of frequent presentation. Six risk factors were identified. The instrument predicts the possibility of developing complicated pneumonia in children with acceptable sensitivity and high specificity.

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