Introduction:

Congenital malformations affect one in 33 babies in the world and cause 3,2 million disabilities a year.

Objective:

To characterize newborns with congenital malformations according to clinical, paraclinical and epidemiological variables.

Methods:

A prospective, analytical case-control study was carried out in neonates graduated from the Neonatology Service of the Tamara Bunke Bider North Maternal Hospital in the province Santiago de Cuba, with a diagnosis of congenital malformations, deformities or chromosomal abnormalities from January 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2018. The universe was made up of 6 112 live births. A probability sampling was applied. The data processing was carried out using the SPSS version 22.0 package, which allowed determining absolute frequencies, sum and percentages. The calculation of the chi-square statistic and the identification of factors associated with the dependent variable were used; also the calculation of the p value and the OR for a confidence interval of 95%.

Results:

Male patients (54.4%) predominated; the most frequent congenital malformations were cardiovascular (42.8%) and osteomyoarticular (23.2%). There was a statistical association between low birth weight and the presence of congenital malformations (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 5.9-11.5; p = 0.01). There was also a statistical association between maternal age and the occurrence of congenital malformations; highlighting adolescents (OR = 2.84; 95% CI: 13.8-20.7; p = 0.01) and elderly mothers (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 8.3-11.6; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:

Newborns with congenital malformations were characterized by being males with isolated congenital malformations and of less severity, most of the mothers belonged to the extreme age group and low birth weight was an incident factor, ultrasound proved to be an effective diagnostic method.

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