Introduction:

wheezing is a reason to seek emergency treatment, especially if it is recurrent episodes.

Objective:

to determine the behavior of the immune response and factors related to recurrent wheezing in children under 4 years of age, treated in the Immunology clinic of the "General Milanés" Pediatric Teaching Hospital, between April 2016 and April 2017.

Method:

a descriptive, prospective, longitudinal study was carried out in patients under 4 years of age with recurrent wheezing, treated in the Immunology office of the "General Luís Ángel Milanés Tamayo" Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Bayamo, Granma province in the period between April from 2016 and April 2017. The population consisted of all children under 4 years of age with recurrent wheezing, evaluated in said consultation during that period. The sample consisted of 38 children, randomly selected who presented three or more episodes of wheezing and coughing with the absence of other conditions.

Results:

100% of the children had elevated eosinophils with high (39%), normal (29%) and low (32%) lymphocytes. There was no significant relationship between lymphocyte count and nasal cytology. Children with high eosinophil counts had normal IgE. The factors related to the presence of recurrent wheezing were: repeated respiratory infections (94%), exclusive non-lactation (86.8%), the presence of mold and / or humidity in the home (65.8%).

Conclusions:

all patients had elevated eosinophil levels regardless of lymphocyte value. The value of neutrophils in the nasal mucus and the concentration of lymphocytes in peripheral blood express that the inflammatory pattern prevailed. There is no statistically proven relationship between the value of IgE and the value of lymphocytes. The most important factors were repeated respiratory infections and exclusive non-lactation.

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