Introduction:

Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) constitute one of the most frequent infectious pathologies in the pediatric population, both globally and nationally. It is defined as the invasion, colonization and multiplication in the urine of pathogenic germs regardless of their location and the presence or absence of symptoms.

Objective:

to identify the risk factors that influence the effectiveness of the treatment of urinary tract infection.

Methods:

an epidemiological, observational, analytical, case-control study was carried out with patients under one year of age, belonging to the Cauto region, treated at the "General Milanés" Provincial Pediatric Hospital, in Bayamo, Granma province, in the period from January 2017 to December 2019; with the data of the patients were obtained from their medical records. It was applied as an epidemiological instrument to have a measure that quantifies the association forces between the effectiveness of the treatment of urinary tract infection in patients under one year of age and the risk factor the ratio of cross products and the Chi square, with a reliability of 95% and a probability of less than 0.05.

Results:

female sex, prematurity, low birth weight, malnutrition, and immunosuppression were the host-dependent factors, which negatively influenced the effectiveness of the treatment of urinary tract infection; not so the age less than 6 months and the associated comorbidities.

Conclusions:

the antimicrobial-dependent factor that negatively influenced the effectiveness of the treatment of urinary tract infection was the previous use of antimicrobials, but not the start of treatment after 72 hours of symptom onset.

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