Introduction:

bacterial resistance is the silent epidemic of the 21st century. Within this phenomenon it is important to highlight the one that occurs to beta-lactams; therefore, the implementation of drastic changes in the current patterns of use of these antimicrobials is urgent, as well as new strategies for their innovation.

Objective:

to determine the behavior of bacterial resistance to meropenem and ceftriaxone in patients treated at the General Teaching Pediatric Hospital "Luis A. Milanés" during the period from May 2016 to May 2018.

Methods:

a prospective observational analytical study was carried out in the health area corresponding to the General Teaching Pediatric Hospital "Luis A. Milanés", in the period from May 2016 to May 2018. The sample consisted of 265 isolated and identified strains. A review of the medical records was carried out in patients admitted during the study period to obtain the necessary information.

Results:

the age range between 1 and 11 months predominated. Hospital stay and previous antimicrobial treatment were statistically associated with bacterial resistance. Urine culture predominated and E. coli was the most resistant microorganism during the study period. The most representative hospital service area was the fever room.

Conclusions:

age did not show a statistically significant association with bacterial resistance. An association was found between hospital stay and previous antimicrobial treatment with bacterial resistance to these antimicrobials. The most representative type of biological sample was urine culture. The Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from the samples presented higher bacterial resistance. The Febrile Room was the service area that presented the most resistant microorganisms.

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