Resumo

FERNANDEZ LEYVA, Harberth; LICEA PUIG, Manuel E.  e  MORALES MARTINEZ, Miguel. Frequency of maculopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A preliminary report. Rev Cubana Endocrinol [online]. 2002, vol.13, n.2, pp. 0-0. ISSN 1561-2953.

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 542 patients with ICA-type 2 diabetes mellitus consecutively recruited at the Diabetic Care Center. A complete medical history and an ophthalmological examination: biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy (direct and indirect) and examination with lens of 90Dp were made. Fasting glycaemia, 2 hours after breakfast and lunch, glycosilated haemoglobin (HbA1) and urinary albumin excretion (UAE) were determined. Maculopathy was classified as exudative, edematous and ischaemic and it was related to sex, smoking habit, treatments of DM, present age, age at the onset of the disease, arterial pressure and biochemical variables, such as fasting glycaemia, postprandial glycaemia, HBA1 and UAE. The clinical nephropathy (UAE ³ 300 mg/L) was excluded. Type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered as of recent presentation when the clinical diagnosis was lower than 6 months. 95 patients (17.5 %) suffered some type of maculopathy; 49 (9.0 %), exudative forms; 29 (5.3 %), edematous forms; and 17 (3.2), ischaemic forms. No significant differences were observed as regards sex, smoking habit or treatments used, on dividing them according to the presence or not of maculopathy. The duration of DM was of 12.4 ± 9.45 years for patients with maculopathy, with statistically significant difference (p<0.01). On correlating maculopathy with arterial hypertension, marked differences were obtained (p<0.04) in the edematous forms. Of the total of patients with DM of recent presentation, 14 (2.6 %) suffered from some type of this affection. It was concluded that diabetic maculopathy is frequent and that it is not an exception to observe it at the moment of the clinical presentation of DM. The edematous form is significantly associated with AHT. These results oblige to make a complete ophthalmological examination from the moment of the clinical diagnosis.

Palavras-chave : DIABETES MELLITUS, NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT [complications]; HYPERTENSION; RETINA DISEASES.