Introduction:

brain is the most complex organ discovered up to date, due to the organization and interconnection of its individual neurons.

Objective:

to analyze theoretical and experimental elements stated in the medical literature reviewed about cerebral plasticity mechanisms.

Methods:

a descriptive study was carried out based on a bibliographic review. From the theoretical point of view historical-logical, analysis-synthesis and inductive-deductive methods were applied, which allowed the analysis of the main theories generated by different experimental studies.

Development:

it has been demonstrated the existence of diverse mechanisms that allocate the neuronal rearrangement and replacement of cerebral functions, in response to diverse pathological events or as a result of learning and memory process.

Conclusions:

both animal testing and studies carried out in human being using modern non-invasive techniques support the ideas of neuronal plasticity.

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