Background:

Inflammatory bowel disease includes idiopathic ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In the pathogenesis are present genetic and environmental factors such as alteration of luminal bacteria and increased intestinal permeability, factors that alter the intestinal immunity, these causes of gastrointestinal injury.

Objective:

To analyze the influence of diet on intestinal microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as to increase awareness among health professionals about the importance of diet-based therapy as an essential pillar in the control of this chronic digestive disease.

Methodology:

A search was made in databases such as: Scielo, Pubmed / Medline, Ebsco, Clinical Key, Springer, Web of Science, Infomed, magazines, books, thesis repositories, and specialty websites.

Development:

In patients with inflammatory bowel disease there is a dysbiosis that potentially contributes to a proinflammatory immune response.

Conclusions:

The balance between the host and its intestinal microbiota is essential for the optimal immunological development; the modification of the diet and the intestinal bacterial flora are potential targets in the treatment and prevention of it.

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