Introduction:

the history of the sciences faces the challenge of rewriting it according to the changing reality. Thus, in addition to providing a story on the origin of the sciences and techniques, it should delve into the leading role of women in them.

Objective:

to characterize the Matilda effect as an expression of sexism in the history of science.

Materials and methods:

a bibliographic review was carried out in which 24 materials linked with disciplines related to medical and social sciences, literature and art history were consulted; they are available in specialized journals like SciELO, Scopus, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library and LILACS.

Discussion:

the Matilda effect refers to the insufficient valuation systematically made of women in the scientific field, and the scarce recognition of their academic contributions

Conclusions:

it would be impossible to cover in a single article the contribution of all those women scientists who have found themselves in a similar situation. Thus, everything must be done for these women do not fall into oblivion and for they to become role models for those girls who have been made to think that science carries a gender stigma.

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