Resumo

BUCARANO LLITERAS, Isury  e  GUTIERREZ MARTINEZ, Ariadne. MAIN CAUSES OF CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS. Rev. CENIC Cienc. Biol [online]. 2023, vol.54, pp. 30-36.  Epub 19-Out-2023. ISSN 2221-2450.

Congenital malformations form a heterogeneous-group of morphological, functional, or biochemical defects that can manifest in utero, at birth, or during the post-natal period. The objective of this review is to deepen into the main causes of congenital malformations. About47% of congenital defects occur due to unknown causes; 25% are genetic and 25% are multifactorial, where chromosomal abnormalities, neural tube defects and some maternal diseases are found. The rest of the malformations are caused by teratogens, which are physical agents such as ionizing radiation and high temperatures; biological agents such as some viruses and bacteria; as well as chemical agents including some chemical substances, medicines, drugs, hormones and vitamins. Several factors can cause congenital malformations, since the genome of the germ cells, the genome of the conceptus, and the time at which the extrinsic agents can act over the embryo. In some cases, these factors act inducing problems in the fetus, causing minor defects and in other causes so severe abnormalities that cause fetal resorption, abortion, or very severe malformation, some compatible with survival, but others causing death. Knowing these elements in depth is of essential, to prevent, and thus greatly reduce the risk of the appearance of congenital malformations. If these causes can be predicted, we will achieve a tranquil pregnancy, that ends with the birth of a healthy child.

Palavras-chave : fetus; congenital malformations; risk; teratogens.

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