Resumo

HODELIN TABLADA, Ricardo. Specific aspects of the persistent vegetative state. MEDISAN [online]. 2013, vol.17, n.8, pp. 3077-3092. ISSN 1029-3019.

The persistent vegetative state is a clinical condition characterized by the complete absence of consciousness of oneself and the environment, linked with sleep-wake cycles, with total or partial preservation of hypothalamic and autonomic functions of the brainstem. In this article the author discusses specific aspects related to the clinical entity, based on his experience and literature survey on the subject. Also, clinical and epidemiological elements of the condition are stated, a causal classification is proposed, and the criteria of the Multisociety Task Force on Persistent Vegetative State for diagnosis are set, as well as complementary tests, which are divided in imaging and electrophysiological studies. Of the pathological findings three fundamental patterns are stressed: diffuse bilateral lesions of the cerebral cortex, diffuse damages of white matter intracortical and subcortical connections of the cerebral hemispheres, and necrosis of the thalamus, whereas two basic treatment mainstays are proposed: to treat underlying condition and provide general care. Among the drugs --classified in 2 categories: depressants and stimulants of the nervous system-- zolpidem is highlighted, which has shown the best results. Finally, it is stated that in Cuba it is argued that these patients can be treated at the primary health care.

Palavras-chave : persistent vegetative state; consciousness; altered mental status; necrosis of the thalamus; zolpidem.

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