Introduction:

Evaluation of the mediastinum in patients receiving surgical treatment for lung cancer has its origins in the need to define the anatomical extension of each node station, which is essential for the pathological categorization of lymph nodes.

Objective:

To evaluate the usefulness of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer.

Methods:

A prospective and analytical study was carried out in the period from January 2015 to August 31, 2018. The universe consisted of 96 patients with some type of mediastinal lymphadenectomy in the surgical treatment of lung cancer within the indicated period. Statistical, theoretical and empirical methods were used.

Results:

The average age was 58.69 ± 9.343. The male sex was the most affected. Adenocarcinoma was the histological type that predominated. The most manifested clinical and pathological stage was III A. Right upper lobectomy was the most performed intervention. A total of 76 systematic lymph node dissections were performed, followed by 18 lymph node samples and two biopsies. The lymphadenectomies performed caused stage changes in 46 patients. The analysis of positive and negative predictive value, as well as sensitivity and specificity, were high. There were few complications.

Conclusions:

Mediastinal lymphadenectomy as part of the surgical treatment in lung cancer constitutes a fundamental procedure for the pathological staging of TNM, as it shows high diagnostic accuracy.

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