Introduction:

Infectious diseases are globally the second cause of death in this century. The epidemiology of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases poses clinical and public health challenges in general; such is the home of Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.

Objective:

Updating information on the epidemiological surveillance of the causing microorganism and provide said knowledge to health professionals.

Methods:

Reviewing research articles related to cardiopulmonary syndrome by Hantavirus conducted in the present century. Researches were carried out about the microorganism, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment in the indexing sources Scopus, SciELO, Medline, Latindex, Bireme, Google, Lilacs and PubMed.

Conclusions:

The emergence and reemergence of this highly lethal syndrome should be known by clinicians, pediatricians, intensive care staff, epidemiologists and primary care physicians for prevention, early diagnosis and timely treatment. Epidemiological surveillance is essential.

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