Introduction:

Surgical arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis is the vascular access of choice, this purifying procedure, however, has negative impact on the cardiovascular system.

Objective:

To bring up-to-date conceptual and behavioral aspects related to the permanence of the arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis after renal transplantation.

Methods:

The literature published in the last five years was reviewed in PubMed/Medline and Scopus and information sources; Cochrane Library and Ebsco databases.

Results:

The repercussion of the arteriovenous fistula on the cardiovascular system has a marked incidence in different structural and functional alterations of the heart that require the adoption of a behavior to avoid risks. Convergent and divergent points of view related to the relevance of the arteriovenous fistula as a vascular access created for hemodialysis and the possibility of maintaining it after renal transplantation are examined.

Conclusions:

The arteriovenous fistula is the appropriate vascular access for survival in hemodialysis, however, the consequences of its permanence on the cardiovascular system imply an added risk of morbidity and mortality.

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